3D Printed Renal Cell Carcinoma

3D Printed Renal Cell Carcinoma Clinical History A 64-year old male presents with a 5-month history of generalised malaise, weight loss and dull right flank pain. On examination, there is a palpable right sided abdominal mass. He is noted to be hypertensive. Urinalysis reveals microscopic haematuria. The patient underwent right nephrectomy. PathologyThe specimen is a kidney, which has been incompletely dissected in the coronal plane, and mounted to display the cut surface. The lower pole of the kidney has been replaced by a rounded ill-defined irregular mass 5cm in diameter, which has compressed and distorted the overlying renal parenchyma. The cut surface of the tumour has a variegated appearance caused by areas of haemorrhage and necrosis. Several small pale-yellow tumour nodules are present in the cortex and medulla above and separate from the lower pole tumour. These are intrarenal metastases. The renal pelvis appears slightly dilated with some blunting